Vyakaran (Grammar) in Hindi

In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of Hindi grammar. Understanding grammar will help you speak and write Hindi correctly. Let's get started!

• Parts of Speech:

  In Hindi grammar, words are categorized into different parts of speech. Let's look at the main parts of speech:

• संज्ञा (Sangya) - Noun: Words that represent people, places, things, or ideas. For example, फल (phal) - fruit, बालक (balak) - boy.

• सर्वनाम (Sarvanam) - Pronoun: Words that are used in place of nouns. For example, मैं (main) - I, वह (vah) - he/she.

• क्रिया (Kriya) - Verb: Words that show actions or states of being. For example, खाना (khaana) - to eat, पढ़ना (padhna) - to read.

• विशेषण (Visheshan) - Adjective: Words that describe or modify nouns. For example, सुंदर (sundar) - beautiful, उच्च (ucch) - high.

• क्रिया-विशेषण (Kriya-Visheshan) - Adverb: Words that describe or modify verbs. For example, धीरे-धीरे (dhire-dhire) - slowly, बहुत (bahut) - very.

• सम्बन्धबोधक (Sambandhbodhak) - Preposition: Words that show the relationship between nouns or pronouns and other words in a sentence. For example, में (mein) - in, पर (par) - on.

• Sentence Structure

  : Hindi sentences follow a specific structure. Here is the basic order of sentence elements:

• Subject (कर्ता, Karta): The person or thing performing the action.
• Verb (क्रिया, Kriya): The action being performed.
• Object (कर्म, Karm): The receiver of the action.

Example: राम ने एक किताब पढ़ी। (Ram ne ek kitaab padhi) Translation: Ram read a book.

• Tenses

  : Verbs in Hindi change their form to indicate different tenses. The three main tenses are:

• Present Tense (वर्तमान काल, Vartaman Kaal): Describes actions happening now.
• Past Tense (भूत काल, Bhoot Kaal): Describes actions that have already happened.
• Future Tense (भविष्यत् काल, Bhavishyat Kaal): Describes actions that will happen in the future.

Example:

• वह खाता है। (Vah khaata hai) (He eats.)
• वह खाया। (Vah khaaya) (He ate.)
• वह खाएगा। (Vah khaayega) (He will eat.)

• Agreement

  (संगठन, Sangathan): In Hindi grammar, words must agree in gender (लिंग, Ling) and number (वचन, Vachan) with the nouns they refer to. For example, if the noun is feminine, the adjectives and pronouns used with it should also be feminine.

Example:

• मैं खुश हूँ। (Main khush hoon) (I am happy.)
• मैं खुशी हूँ। (Main khushi hoon) (I am happy. - Feminine form)

These are the basic concepts of Hindi Vyakaran (Grammar). Keep practicing and applying these rules to enhance your language skills.